[Dec-2025] Updated CWAP Wi-Fi Analysis CWAP-404 Exam Questions BUNDLE PACK
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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 65
In the analyzer trace shown, the TBTT is nominally 102.5 milliseconds.
Why does the Beacon transmission interval vary?
- A. The access point must arbitrate to gain access to the RF medium in order to transmit a Beacon.
- B. Beacon frames vary in size, and therefore some take slightly longer to send than others.
- C. This trace shows an HT network where HR/DSSS nodes are active on the network. The access point is changing slot times from short to long as needed.
- D. The DCF Interframe space (DIFS) is nominally 50 ms, but typically varies by as much as 10 ms, which causes delays in Beacons.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 66
You work as an SE for a value-added reseller. A client has an existing deployment of 802.11n Aps and wants to upgrade several BSSs to 802.11ac.
What hardware feature of some enterprise Aps may allow for this without a forklift upgrade?
- A. Adding an 802.11ac module to the existing APs
- B. Converting the 802.11n radio to an 802.11ac radio through software
- C. Simply check the Enable 802.11ac checkbox in the web-based configuration interface
- D. Replace the antennas with 802.11ac antennas
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 67
A manufacturing facility has installed a new automation system which incorporates an 802.11 wireless network. The automation system is controlled from tablet computers connected via the WLAN. However, the automation system has not gone live due to problem with the tablets connecting to the WLAN. The WLAN vendor has been onsite to perform a survey and confirmed good primary and secondary coverage across the facility. As a CWAP you are called in to perform Spectrum Analysis to identify any interference sources. From the spectrum analysis, you did not identify any interference sources but were able to correctly identify the issue. Which of the following issues did you identify from the spectrum analysis?
- A. A high noise floor has resulted in a SNR of less than 20%
- B. The tablets are connecting to the wrong SSID
- C. The tablets are entering power save mode and failing to wake up to receive the access points transmissions
- D. There is a power mismatch between the APs and the clients
Answer: D
Explanation:
The most likely issue that can be identified from the spectrum analysis is a power mismatch between the APs and the clients. A power mismatch occurs when the APs transmit at a higher power level than the clients, or vice versa. This can cause asymmetric communication, where one side can hear the other, but not vice versa. This can result in poor performance, disconnections, or packet loss. A spectrum analysis can reveal a power mismatch by showing different signal amplitudes or RSSI values for the APs and the clients on the same channel or frequency. The other options are not correct, as they cannot be identified from the spectrum analysis alone. The tablets' SSID, power save mode, and noise floor can be determined by using other tools or methods, such as protocol analysis, site survey, or device configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 68
When an originator QoS STA initiates a BlockAck agreement with a recipient QoS STA, what is the first frame sent by the originator?
- A. BlockAckPolicyReq
- B. ActionBAReq
- C. BlockAckSetupReq
- D. BlockAckReq
- E. ADDBA Request
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 69
When using a commercial WLAN protocol analyzer, you notice that it is listing vendor names for some APs and client STAs.
What is the source of this information?
- A. Vendor OUI values
- B. DNS name resolution
- C. Broadcast name resolution
- D. Banner grabbing
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 70
As it relates to a spectrum analyzer, complete the following sentence.
The ____________ plot always displays the percentage of time (shown on the Y axis) that the overall RF power is a certain specified threshold (of amplitude) above the noise floor for a given frequency range (shown on the X axis).
- A. Swept Spectrogram
- B. Interferer Count
- C. SNR
- D. FFT Duty Cycle
- E. Real-Time FFT
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 71
Which one of the following is not a valid acknowledgment frame?
- A. Ack
- B. CTS
- C. RTS
- D. Block Ack
Answer: C
Explanation:
RTS is not a valid acknowledgement frame. RTS stands for Request To Send, and it is a control frame that is used to initiate an RTS/CTS exchange before sending a data frame. The purpose of an RTS/CTS exchange is to reserve the medium for a data transmission and avoid collisions with hidden nodes. An acknowledgement frame is a control frame that is used to confirm the successful reception of a data frame or a block of data frames. The valid acknowledgement frames are CTS (Clear To Send), Ack (Acknowledgement), and Block Ack (Block Acknowledgement).
NEW QUESTION # 72
What is an AIFS?
- A. The shortest period of time a STA can sleep
- B. A form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.lie UP values interpreted from DSCP values
- C. A variable Interframe Space introduced by 802.lie to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories
- D. A medium access method introduced by 802.lln, but never implemented
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An interframe space is a period of time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. An AIFS is a type of interframe space that varies depending on the AC of the traffic. An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. There are four ACs defined by 802.11e: AC_VO (Voice), AC_VI (Video), AC_BE (Best Effort), and AC_BK (Background). Each AC has a different AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe what an AIFS is. An AIFS is not a medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented, as it is part of the 802.11e standard and widely used in QoS-enabled WLANs. An AIFS is not a form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.11e UP values interpreted from DSCP values, as aggregation is a technique that combines multiple frames into one larger frame to improve efficiency and throughput, not prioritization or medium access. An AIFS is not the shortest period of time a STA can sleep, as sleeping is a power saving mode that allows a STA to conserve battery power by periodically turning off its radio, not accessing the medium. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page 194-195
NEW QUESTION # 73
Using a portable analyzer you perform a packet capture next to a client STA and you can see that the STA is associated to a BSS. You observe the STA sending packets to the AP and the AP sending packets to the STA.
Less than 2% of all packets are retransmissions. You move to capture packets by the AP and, while the retry rate is still less than 2%, you now only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client. How do you explain this behavior?
- A. The STA is transmitting data using more spatial streams than the potable analyzer can support
- B. The portable analyzer is too close to the AP causing CCI, blinding the AP to the clients packets
- C. The portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP and while it can't capture the packets from the client STA, the AP can receive them OK
- D. There is a transmit power mismatch between the client and the AP and while the client can hear the APs traffic, the AP cannot hear the client
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Receive sensitivity is the minimum signal level that a receiver can detect and decode. Different devices may have different receive sensitivity levels depending on their hardware specifications and antenna configurations.
In this scenario, the portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP, meaning that it requires a stronger signal to capture the packets from the client STA. The AP, on the other hand, has a higher receive sensitivity and can receive the packets from the client STA even if they have a weaker signal. This explains why the portable analyzer can only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client when capturing near the AP5 References:
CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 4: PHY Layer Analysis, page 121
CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 4.3: Analyze PHY layer metrics
NEW QUESTION # 74
802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in what type of Management Frames?
- A. Action
- B. Reassociation Request and Reassociation Response
- C. Beacon
- D. RRM
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in Action frames. An Action frame is a Management frame that is used to perform various operations or functions related to the operation or maintenance of a wireless network. An Action frame consists of a Category field that indicates the type of action being performed, and a variable-length Action Details field that contains specific information related to the action. For example, an Action frame with a Category field value of 5 indicates a Radio Measurement action, and the Action Details field may contain a Neighbor Request or a Neighbor Report subelement .
References: CWAP-404 CertifiedWireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 207; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 208; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 12: 802.11k/v/r/u/w/ai Amendments, page 434.
NEW QUESTION # 75
Given: The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is a 32 CRC used for error detection.
The CRC is calculated over what?
- A. Mac Header and Frame Body only
- B. PHY Header and Mac Header only
- C. PHY Header, MAC Header and Frame Body
- D. Frame Body only
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The CRC is calculated over the MAC Header and Frame Body only. The CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is a 32-bit value that is used for error detection in wireless transmissions. The CRC is calculated over the MAC Header and Frame Body of a PSDU, which are the parts of the data unit that contain information such as source and destination addresses, frame type, frame control, sequence number, payload, etc. The CRC is appended to the end of the PSDU as a FCS (Frame Check Sequence) field. The CRC is not calculated over the PHY Header or PHY Preamble, which are parts of the PPDU that contain information such as modulation, coding, data rate, etc. The PHY Header and PHY Preamble are added or removed by the PHY layer during the conversion between PSDU and PPDU. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 76
What MAC layer information will a dual-band 802.11n protocol analyzer capture if it is capturing data frames encrypted with WPA2-Enterprise? (Choose 2)
- A. Legacy Signal field
- B. Short Interframe Spaces
- C. Sequence Control fields
- D. TCP SYN datagram
- E. Null Data frames
- F. Source IP Address
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION # 77
What is the difference between a Data frame and a QoS-Data frame?
- A. QoS Data frames include a QoS control field
- B. QoS Data frames include an 802.1Q VLAN tag
- C. QoS Data frames include a DSCP control field
- D. QoS Data frames include a QoS information element
Answer: A
Explanation:
The difference between a Data frame and a QoS-Data frame is that QoS Data frames include a QoS control field. A Data frame is a type of data frame that is used to carry user data or upper layer protocol data between STAs and APs. A QoS Data frame is a type of data frame that is used to carry user data or upper layer protocol data between STAs and APs that support QoS (Quality of Service) features. QoS features allow different types of traffic to be prioritized and handled differently according to their QoS requirements, such as delay, jitter, throughput, etc.
QoS Data frames include a QoS control field in their MAC header, which contains information such as traffic identifier (TID), queue size (TXOP), acknowledgment policy (ACK), etc., that are used for QoS purposes. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe the difference between Data and QoS Data frames.
QoS Data frames do not include a DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) control field, which is part of the IP header in the network layer, not the MAC header in the data link layer. QoS Data frames do not include a QoS information element (IE), which is part of some management frames that indicate QoS capabilities or parameters, not data frames. QoS Data frames do not include an
802.1Q VLAN tag, which is part of some Ethernet frames that indicate VLAN membership or priority, not wireless frames.
NEW QUESTION # 78
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?
- A. PSDU
- B. MSDU
- C. PPDU
- D. MPDU
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 79
With what access category's parameters are WLAN multicast video frames transmitted when the EDCAF is in use by the transmitting station?
- A. AC_VI
- B. AC_BK
- C. AC_BE
- D. AC_VO
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 80
When performing protocol analysis, you capture an 802.1 lac data frame on channel 52, transmitted at MCS 8.
At what data rate was the PHY Preamble transmitted?
- A. 6 Mbps
- B. 86.7 Mbps
- C. 78 Mbps
- D. 54 Mbps
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The data rate at which the PHY preamble was transmitted is 6 Mbps. The PHY preamble is a part of the PPDU that is transmitted before the PHY header and the PSDU. The PHY preamble consists of a series of training fields that help the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal. The PHY preamble is always transmitted at a fixed data rate that depends on the type of PPDU (e.g., OFDM, HT, VHT, HE). For an 802.1 lac data frame on channel 52, which uses VHT PPDUs, the data rate for the PHY preamble is 6 Mbps. This data rate does not depend on MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), which only affects the data rate for the PSDU. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 99-100
NEW QUESTION # 81
To what data rates can a 5 GHz PHY device shift when changers occur in the signal strength?
- A. 24, 18, 11, 2
- B. 24, 18, 12, 6
- C. 11, 5.5, 2, 1
- D. 24, 18, 12, 5.5
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 82
Where, in a protocol analyzer, would you find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU?
- A. The Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header
- B. A-MPDU flag in the Frame Control Field
- C. The HT Operation Element
- D. A-MPDU flag in the QoS Control Field
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
In a protocol analyzer, you would find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU by looking at the Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header. The Radio Tap Header is a pseudo-header that is added by some wireless capture devices to provide additional information about the physical layer characteristics of a frame. The Aggregation flag is one of the fields in this header, and it indicates whether the frame belongs to an A-MPDU or not. If the flag is set to 1, it means that the frame is part of an A-MPDU; if it is set to 0, it means that the frame is not part of an A-MPDU . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats andTechnologies, page 303; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 304.
NEW QUESTION # 83
The PLCP sublayer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?
- A. PSDU
- B. MSDU
- C. PPDU
- D. MPDU
Answer: C
Explanation:
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa.
NEW QUESTION # 84
What must occur before an HT STA operating in an EDCA BSS can transmit a data frame over the wireless medium? (Choose 3)
- A. Its CCA must report that the medium is idle.
- B. The backoff timer for the AC must equal zero.
- C. The appropriate interframe space must expire.
- D. The AP must issue the STA a TXOP.
- E. Its NAV must be equal to one.
- F. The STA must receive a BlockAck, resetting the NAV to zero.
Answer: A,B,C
NEW QUESTION # 85
The data rate for a data frame is 150 Mbps in 5 GHz.
What rate is used to transmit the PHY header information?
- A. 1 Mbps
- B. 6 Mbps
- C. 150 Mbps
- D. 75 Mbps
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 86
When configuring a long term, forensic packet capture and saving all packets to disk which of the following is not a consideration?
- A. Real-time packet decodes
- B. Total capture storage space
- C. Individual trace file size
- D. Analyzer location
Answer: A
Explanation:
Real-time packet decodes are not a consideration when configuring a long-term, forensic packet capture and saving all packets to disk. Real-time packet decodes are useful for live analysis and troubleshooting, but they consume CPU and memory resources that could affect the performance of the capture process. For a long-term, forensic packet capture, it is more important to consider the analyzer location, the total capture storage space, and the individual trace file size. These factors affect the quality and quantity of the captured packets and the ease of post-capture analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 87
A new firmware has been released for the AP model you use in your WLAN.
You have more than 120 of these APs installed.
What is a good reason for applying a firmware update on an enterprise AP?
- A. Enable the short guard interval
- B. Enable new security features and patch vulnerabilities
- C. Enable 4x4:4 spatial streams on a 3x3:3 AP
- D. Disable lower data rates
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 88
As the WLAN administrator in your organization you are responsible for troubleshooting connection issues. Several STAs are connecting to the network, but are unable to communicate after connection. You suspect a DHCP problem. After capturing traffic on the wired-side of the AP, you want to view only DHCP traffic. What filter in Wireshark can be used for this purpose?
- A. BOOTP
- B. DHCPv4
- C. DHCP
- D. DHCPv6
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 89
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